Part 4.

You will hear part of a presentation by an urban planning student about the role of rivers in cities around the world.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

It's quite hard to think of a city that doesn't have a big river running through it.

If you think about the major cities in the world, Shanghai, New York, Mumbai, London, they're nearly all built on rivers.

When these cities were established hundreds or even thousands of years ago, the rivers were a big part of people's lives.

In 16th century London, the quickest way to get from one part of the city to another was by river.

But people also used the river for fishing, as the water then was relatively clean, and they would also go on boat trips up and down the river just for pleasure, as a relaxing escape from the noise and bustle of the city streets.

But as industries developed and populations increased, city rivers suffered.