Elk were overgrazing the grassland, causing damage to the precious eco-system.

麋鹿在草原上啃草，对宝贵的统造成了破坏。

For a century, this land had been overgrazed by livestock, like most grasslands around the world.

这片土地就像世界各地大部分草地一样，经历了长达一个世纪的牧。

This economic reliance on livestock in certain regions makes large tracts of land susceptible to overgrazing.

在某些地区，家畜是人们的主要经济来源，大量土地因此而遭受牧风险。

Firstly, overgrazing and intensive cropping are two ancient but destructive practices that lead to the loss of soil fertility.

首先，牧和集约化种植是两种古老但具有破坏性的做法，会导致土壤肥力的丧失。

Sharks limit the abundance of animals which would otherwise overgraze these essential plants.

鲨鱼限制了动物的数量，则这些动物会牧这些重要植物。

In comparison, Oceania, with 13% of its farmland degraded, was predominantly affected by overgrazing, 11.3%.

相比之下，大洋洲 13% 的农田退化，主要受到牧的影响，为 11.3%。

That can lead to destructive overgrazing.

这可能导致破坏性的牧。

An otter's appetite protects the kelp forest from being overgrazed.

水獭的食欲保护了海带森林免遭砍伐。

Together, increased demand, overgrazing, and climate change mean that cashmere is getting worse.

需求增加、牧和气候变化共同意味着羊绒的状况日益恶化。

Scientists have found that overgrazing has contributed to the degradation of 70 percent of Mongolia's grasslands.

科学家发现，牧导致蒙古70%的草原退化。

Their seasonal migration prevented land from being overgrazed and their livestock's fertilizing manure regenerated the soil.

他们的季节性迁徙防止了土地牧，而牲畜的肥沃粪便则使土壤得以再。

This contrasts with Oceania and North America, where overgrazing and overcultivation were more prevalent causes of degradation.

替代医疗加入主流治疗吗。

Unfortunately, the ranchers overgrazed their land, leading to widespread starvation of their herds in the decade that followed.

不幸的是，牧场主牧他们的土地，导致他们的牛群在接下来的十年里普遍挨饿。

The urchin keep the otter healthy and fed, and the otter eating the urchin keeps the kelp from being overgrazed.

海胆保证水獭的健康并给它吃饱，而吃海胆的水獭又可以防止海带被吃掉。

Europe, which experienced the highest overall percentage of land degradation at 23%, also faced challenges from overcultivation, 7.7%, and overgrazing, 5.5%.

欧洲的土地退化总体百分比最高，为 23%，但也面临着耕作 （7.7%） 和牧 （5.5%） 的挑战。

North America had a relatively lower incidence of degraded land at 5%, with overcultivation, 3.3%, and overgrazing, 1.5%, being the main causes.

北美土地退化的发率相对较低，为 5%，其中耕种 （3.3%） 和牧 （1.5%） 是主要原因。

None of the departments had set rules for conduct in the park, so hunters killed park wildlife, cattle overgrazed fields, and visitors vandalized landmarks.

没有一个部门制定了公园内的行为规则，因此猎人杀死了公园内的野动物，牛群牧，游客破坏了地标。

The phenomenon was first described in a pamphlet by economist William Forster Lloyd in 1833 in a discussion of the overgrazing of cattle on village common areas.

1833 年，经济学家威廉·福斯特·劳埃德 (William Forster Lloyd) 在一本小册子中首次描述了这种现象，当时他讨论了在村庄公共区域牧牛群的问题。

Hardin argued that these situations pit short-term self-interest against the common good, and they end badly for everyone, resulting in overgrazing, overfishing, overpopulation, pollution, and other social and environmental problems.

哈丁认为，这些情况使短期自身利益与共同利益背道而驰，结果对每个人都不利，导致牧、捕捞、人口剩、污染以及其他社会和环境问题。

Decades of overgrazing, climate change-induced droughts, and poor farming practices are stripping not only the Sudanian grasslands of their once fertile topsoil but hundreds of other regions like it across the world.

几十年的牧、气候变化引发的干旱和不良的耕作方式，不仅使苏丹草原失去了曾经肥沃的表土，也使世界上其他数百个类似的地区失去了表土。