This transfers the wave's vibrations through the tiny bones called the ossicles, eventually reaching the inner ear.

这会通过称为听小骨微小骨骼传递波振，最终到达内耳。

Ossicles first show up in a turtle from Saudi Arabia around 56 million years ago called Arabemys.

大约 5600 万年前，一只来自沙特阿拉伯海龟 Arabemys 首次出现了骨片。

Then, other species with ossicles kept popping up all over - from Africa to New Zealand, and even Antarctica.

然后， 其他有小骨种不断涌现——从非洲到新西兰，甚至南极洲。

And it's possible that other factors could've shaped the evolution of the ossicles, too.

也有可能其他因素也影响了听小骨进化。

Like Arabemys and later skin-shells, it has hundreds of ossicles in its shell.

与 Arabemys 和后来皮壳一样，它壳中有数百个小骨。

Ossicles may provide some degree of protection, but some researchers think they might also play a role in calcium regulation.

听小骨可能提供一定程度保护，但一些研究人员认为它们也可能在钙调节中发挥作用。

And we do know that, over time, these ossicles became thinner and lighter, which helped make these turtles more buoyant.

我们确实知道， 随着推移， 这些小骨变得更薄、更轻，这有助于使这些海龟更加浮力。

So when your cute little ossicle bones start sending pressure waves up the inner fluid, they cause certain sections of basilar membrane to vibrate back and forth.

所以当你可爱小小骨开始向内部液体发送压力波，它们会导致基底膜某些部分来回振。

And over time, that body plan gradually became even more specialized, with a new adaptation: bits of bone embedded in the leathery shell called ossicles.

随着推移， 身体结构逐渐变得更加特殊，并有了新适应：在称为小骨坚韧外壳中嵌入了一些骨头。

And it does this using the auditory ossicles — a trio of the smallest, and most awesomely named bones in the human body: the malleus, incus, and stapes, commonly known as the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.

它利用听骨来完成这一过程——人体中最小三块骨头，也是最令人敬畏骨头：锤骨、砧骨和镫骨，通常被称为锤子、铁砧和马镫。

If you're a medicine, nursing, or physiotherapy student and want a way to drastically reduce the frustration involved with packing ridiculous amounts of anatomy information into the thing between your two auditory ossicles, you should definitely check out Kenhub.

如果你是一个医学、护理学或理疗学学生，而且想要大幅降低把数量荒谬解剖信息装进耳朵里去挫败感，请务必看看 Kenhub。