A small number of companies that control an industry is called an oligopoly.

少数控制一个行业的公司被称为寡头。

For one thing, it remains an entrenched oligopoly.

首先，它仍然是一个根深蒂固的寡头。

Oligopolies are all over the place.

寡头无处不在。

Now, when few firms have a large majority of market share, it's called an oligopoly.

几家公司拥有绝大多数市场份额的情况被称为寡头。

Economists like to explain oligopolies and game theory by creating something called a payoff matrix.

济学家们喜欢通过创造一种叫做收益矩阵的东西来解释寡头和博弈论。

Why are we talking about the fact that groceries are unaffordable thanks to oligopoly policies?

为什么们要谈论由于寡头政策而买不起食品这一事实？

Warren Buffett, a man who knows an oligopoly when he sees one, bought nearly $10bn-worth of airline stock in 2016.

巴菲特很善于发现寡头，2016年，他买入近100亿美元的航空公司股票。

Oligopolies are markets that have high barriers to entry and are controlled by a few large companies.

寡头是指准入门槛很高，并由几家大公司控制的市场。

The last type are oligopolies, and that's what we're gonna focus on today.

最后一类市场是寡头，这是们今天要关注的。

A new species of big beast had reared its head: vast state-controlled oligopolies from emerging markets.

来自新兴市场的庞大国有寡头企业。

Now, payoff scenarios for companies are never this transparent, but the matrix says a lot about oligopolies.

公司的收益情况从来都不是透明的，但是这个矩阵说明寡头的很多问题。

But an oligopoly of rivals is much better than a monopoly.

但是，多寡头竞争的格局，总比一家独大的格局好很多。

Markets controlled by monopolies, oligopolies or cartels require a separate analysis.

由、寡头或卡特尔控制的市场需要单独分析。

And sometimes companies in an oligopoly will all do the same thing, which is what happened here.

有时寡头的公司都会做同样的事情，这就是这里发生的情况。

Monopolies, oligopolies, and cartels also produce economic results very different from those of a free market.

、寡头和卡特尔也产生与自由市场截然不同的济结果。

The steel industry was basically what economists call an oligopoly - a market with a limited number of producers.

钢铁行业基本上是济学家所说的寡头——一个生产商数量有限的市场。

In America digital markets are shifting towards oligopolies, in which second and third firms compete vigorously against the incumbent.

在美国，数字市场正进入寡头的局面，第二名和第三名与现任龙头老大展开激烈竞争。

When Nubank was founded in 2013, Brazilian banking was an oligopoly: six lenders controlled nearly 80% of the industry's assets.

2013年Nubank创立时，巴西银行业是一个寡头市场：六家银行掌控该行业近80%的资产。客户服务并未受到重视。

Agribusiness: This industrial model goes hand in hand with these oligopolies that control the whole food chain and make it very difficult for the farmers who want to stay independent.

农业综合企业：这种工业模式与控制整个食品链的寡头紧密相连，使得希望保持独立的农民处境极为艰难。

Here, you see that this industrial model goes hand in hand with these oligopolies that control the whole food chain and make it very difficult also for the farmers who want to stay independent.

在这里，你可以看到这种工业模式与控制整个食品链的寡头紧密相连， 这使得那些希望保持独立的农民也面临极大困难。