Bakhtin, a scholar of former Soviet Union, proposes his theory of metalinguistics which takes parole instead of langue as its object of research.
前者巴赫金针对索绪尔的结构义语言,以言语为研究对象,他的超语言理论。
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8-18, both (a) and (b) have R-based implicatures like (c) and (d) respectively, but (c) can be cancelled by metalinguistic negation as in (e), though (f) is not acceptable as predicted.
因在,这里的d是R则的隐含,而例8-16b是Q则的隐含。不过好像也有例外。如例8-18,a和b分别有R则的隐含c和d,而c可以通过元语言否定被取消,就像e那样,虽然f像预料的那样是不可接受的。
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