The mast cells, aren't considered PMNs because their nucleus is round.

肥大不被认为是PMNs，由于其核呈圆形。

If there are symptoms, antihistamine medications can be used to suppress the effect of mast cell degranulation.

如果出现相应的临床症状，抗组胺药可以被用来抑制肥大的脱颗粒效应。

Finally, there are the mast cells which are also non-phagocytic and they're involved in asthma and allergic responses.

最后，还有肥大，它们也没有吞噬作用，还参与了哮喘和过敏反应。

We also know that, for example, dogs with short hair can be more prone to developing something called a mast cell tumor.

我们还知道，例如，毛发短的狗可更容易患肥大肿瘤。

The food proteins get noticed by IgE, which activates the mast cells.

食物蛋白质会被免疫球蛋白E识别，从而激活肥大。

Well, it could be mast cell leukemia.

也可是肥大白血病。

The IgE-primed mast cells release their histamine, which causes nearby capillaries to dilate - flooding the facial tissues with fluid.

致敏肥大放的组胺通过增加周围毛血管的渗透性，最终导致面部组织的充血水肿。

It's believed that these rashes appear due to a release of histamine from immune cells in the skin called mast cells.

据信，这些皮疹的出现是由于免疫放组胺所致在皮肤中称为肥大。

Because the eyes and nose are portals of entry for infections, there are lots of mast cells around those areas for extra protection.

由于眼睛和鼻子是外来性感染侵入机体的主要通道，肥大在这些区域大量聚集来加强防护。

For example, IL-4 leads the production of IgE antibodies which coat mast cells and stimulate them to release granules containing things like histamines, leukotrienes and prostaglandins.

例如，IL-4导致了IgE抗体的产生，覆盖在肥大表面，并刺激它们放含有像组胺、白三烯和前列腺素等物质的颗粒。

First they activate a part of the immune system called a mast cell, which then expels a lot of chemicals, like histamines.

首先，它们激活称为肥大的免疫系统的一部分， 然后排出大量化学物质，如组胺。

Those IgE antibodies get released into the bloodstream and bind to mast cells, which are immune cells in the tissue that carry within themselves a load histamine.

IgE型抗体在被放入血后，与组织中的免疫肥大相结合，而这些肥大储存着大量的生物活性物质组胺。

The histamine causes blood capillaries to dilate and become leaky which brings more fluid and immune cells to the area where the mast cells are located.

组胺使毛血管的通透性增加，进而促进更多的体液和免疫渗漏到肥大所在处。

Those cytokines start the inflammatory process by making blood vessels leaky and attracting nearby eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells, which release their own cytokines and granules amplifying the inflammation.

这些因子将启动炎症过程：通过使血管渗漏并吸引附近的嗜酸性粒、嗜碱性粒和肥大；这些集结的放各自的因子和颗粒，放大炎症反应。

Airborne allergens like pollen, dust, animal hair, or mold spores cause mast cells in the tissues to release histamine, causing the eyes and nose to become inflamed and watery.

花粉、尘土、动物毛发、霉菌孢子等空气传播的过敏原通过促进组织中的肥大放组胺，最终导致眼睛和鼻子的炎症和水肿。

In tissues like the gut, the skin, and the respiratory system, the antibody called immunoglobulin E, or IgE, binds to white blood cells called mast cells.

在肠道、皮肤和呼吸系统这样的组织中，一种名为免疫球蛋白E或IgE的抗体与称为肥大的白血球结合。

Once bound by IgE the mast cells are " primed" , meaning if pollen enters the body again in the future, those mast cells degranulate and release their histamine into the local tissue.

肥大与IgE型抗体结合后进入致敏状态，当花粉再次侵入机体时，肥大将脱颗粒并将组胺放到周围组织。

Last year, the FDA approved Rydapt, a mast cell disorder and leukemia drug, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services approved limited reimbursements for its rare-blood-cancer drug, Kymriah, which runs $475,000 for a course of a treatment.

去年，FDA批准了Rydapt这种治疗肥大紊乱和白血病的药物，医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心也批准了对其罕见血癌药物Kymriah发放一定补助的申请，而这种药物一个疗程的费用就高达47.5万美元。

An itch can begin when a substance (such as an oil in poison ivy) activates mast cells. These immune cells release itch signals and kick off inflammation. Scratching boosts that process, the new study suggests.

瘙痒开始于某种物质（如毒藤中的油）激活了肥大。这些免疫放瘙痒信号并引发炎症。新的研究表明，抓挠会增强这一过程。

" The act of scratching is actually triggering the inflammation by [working] with mast cells to make them more effective, " says Daniel Kaplan. He's a dermatologist and immunologist at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. He also coauthored the new study.

“抓挠实际上会通过与肥大‘合作’，让它们更有效率地引发炎症，”丹尼尔·卡普兰说。他是宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡大学的皮肤科医生和免疫学家，也是这项新研究的共同作者。