Brain herniation typically results from increased intracranial pressure.

一般来说，疝主要原因是颅内压增高。

Just like in uncal herniation, Duret hemorrhages can be seen in central herniation.

Duret出血也同样可见于中央型疝。

And that can lead to brain herniation.

这致疝发生。

Finally, a cingulate herniation is often a forerunner of other types of supratentorial herniation.

最后，扣带回疝往往是其他类型幕上疝先兆。

Large lumbar disc herniation is the most common cause of cauda equina syndrome.

严重腰椎间盘突出症是马尾综合征最常见病因。

ORAL STEROID MEDICATIONS Oral steroid medications can be very helpful in episodes of an acute disc herniation.

服类固醇药物在治疗急性椎间盘突出过程中，服类固醇药物非常有效。

Depending on the size and location of the mass effect, there's a possibility of brain herniations.

占位效应大小和类型决定了疝发生可能性。

And infratentorial herniations can compress the vital area in the brain stem that controls consciousness, respiration, and heart rate.

幕上疝可能压供养动脉，造成缺血梗死；枕骨大孔疝可能压干生命中枢，即控制意识、呼吸和心率部位。

Brain herniation typically happens in response to increased intracranial pressure, which refers to a high pressure within the skull.

疝通常发生在颅内压升高时，即颅骨内压力升高时。

There are two types: upward herniation and tonsillar herniation.

其中包括两种类型：小幕切迹上疝、小扁桃体疝。

In upward herniation, there's a displacement of the cerebellum upward, through a notch in the tentorium cerebelli.

在小幕切迹上疝中，小经过小幕切迹向上疝出。

A bit of a long shot. What about a disk herniation?

太扯了。不是椎间盘突出？

On the other hand, infratentorial herniations are subdivided into upward herniation and tonsillar herniation.

另一方面，幕下疝也可分为：小幕切迹上疝与小扁桃体疝。

Urgent surgery is considered when a tumor causes signifcant edema or impending mass effect, with consequent hydrocephalus or herniation.

当肿瘤引起明显水肿或即将发生占位效应并致积水或疝时，应考虑紧急手术。

In this herniation the brain squeezes out of the skull through a fracture or surgical site during an operation.

在这种疝中，部组织通过颅骨裂或手术开疝出颅骨外部。

This pain could begin suddenly, usually with disc herniation, piriformis syndrome or trauma.

这种疼痛可能是突然发生，通常伴有椎间盘突出、梨状肌综合征或外伤。

The most common signs of the tonsillar herniation are headache and neck stiffness.

扁桃体疝最常见症状是头痛与颈项强直。

The third type of supratentorial herniation is cingulate or subfalcine herniation.

第三种幕上疝是扣带回疝，或称大镰下疝。

Now, the other category of herniations are infratentorial herniations.

那么，现在我们来看幕下疝。

Treatment of increased intracranial pressure and brain herniation is aimed at reducing the pressure within the skull.

颅内压增高和疝治疗主要目是降低颅内压。