But maybe you can explain archaea, and eukaryotes, Alice.

也许你应该解释一下古菌和真核物。

Prokaryotes didn't gradually morph into eukaryotes through a bunch of gradual evolutionary steps.

原核物不是通过一系列渐进的进化步骤逐渐变成真核物的。

They are the closest relatives to eukaryotes, according to recent DNA analyses.

根据最近的DNA分析，它们是与真核物最接近的亲。

Such modern intermediates might have been the end product for primeval eukaryotes.

这些现代中间体可能是原始真核物的终产品。

For that reason, palaeontologists have used the compounds as a biomarker for the presence of eukaryotes in ancient rocks.

因此，古物学家使用这些化合物作为古岩石中真核物存在的物标志物。

Roughly one billion years later, prokaryotes evolved into more complicated eukaryotes.

大约 10 亿年后，原核物进化成更复杂的真核物。

We have isolated around 30 or 40 strains already of unicellular eukaryotes.

马拉 vin：我们已经分离出了大约30到40株单细胞真核物。

The dominance of bacteria ends and big boy eukaryotes plant their flags in the oceans.

细菌的主导地位结束，大型真核物在海洋中扎下了旗帜。

The next two words are eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

接下来的两个词是真核物和原核物。

This is for eukaryotes, things with nuclei.

这是针对真核物，即具有细胞核的物。

So, blue-green algae is a class of eukaryotes.

因此，蓝绿藻是一类真核物。

Bacteria generate energy by metabolising glucose and are found in all eukaryotes.

细菌通过代谢葡萄糖产能量，并存在于所有真核物中。

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes are two basic types of cells that differ mainly in their internal structures.

真核物和原核物是两种基本类型的细胞，它们的主要区别在于内部结构。

Another  billion years passed before eukaryotes developed into multicellular organisms, which eventually  exploded into diverse kingdoms of complex life.

又过了 10 亿年，真核物才发展成为多细胞物，最终发展成复杂命的不同王国。

Eukaryotes are cells with a nucleus and other specialized parts, like those in plants and animals.

真核细胞具有细胞核及其他特化结构，如动植物体内的细胞。

Eukaryotes are more complex and larger, while prokaryotes are smaller and less complex.

真核物更为复杂且体型较大，而原核物则体型较小且结构较为简单。

Well remember in eukaryotes a lot of our DNA actually doesn't contain genes.

记住，在真核物中，我们的DNA实际上有很大一部分并不包含基因。

Most modern eukaryotes rely on fat-like compounds called sterols, such as cholesterol, to build cell membranes and carry out other cellular functions.

大多数现代真核物依靠类似脂肪的固醇类化合物（如胆固醇）来构建细胞膜并执行其他细胞功能。

And so what do you know about a eukaryote?

那么，你对真核物了解多少呢？

This absence has led to speculation that before 800 million years ago, eukaryotes were not abundant enough to leave a detectable sterol trace.

这种缺乏导致了一种猜测，即在8亿年前之前，真核物并不足以留下可检测到的类固醇痕迹。