But they're really just positively-charged cations — like calcium, sodium, and potassium — and negatively-charged anions, like phosphate, sulfate, and bicarbonate.

但们实际上只是正电荷的阳离子——比如钙、钠和钾——和负电荷的阴离子，比如磷酸盐、硫酸盐和碳酸氢盐。

The sodium, this became a cation, because it's positive.

钠变成了阳离子，是正电的。

Cations are positively charged and anions are negatively charged.

阳离子正电， 阴离子负电。

And so we're going to have a cation and an anion.

所以我们将有一个阳离子和一个阴离子。

Alkali metals want nothing more than to dump off an electron and form a positive ion, or cation.

碱金属只想释放电子并形成正离子或阳离子。

So cations only react with anions to form new compounds.

所以阳离子只与阴离子反应形成新的合物。

Sodium, which is going to be the cation.

钠，将成阳离子。

And don't just think that there's one anion and one cation.

不要只是认只有一种阴离子和一种阳离子。

But how do we know which ions are cations and which are anions?

但是我们怎么知道哪些离子是阳离子哪些是阴离子呢？

And so the sodium ion, since it's lost an electron, we call that a cation, it has a positive charge.

所以钠离子, 失去了一个电子, 我们称之阳离子, 有一个正电荷。

Silver is also a metal and is also a cation.

银也是一种金属， 也是一种阳离子。

And so we're going to break it apart into its cation and its anion.

所以我们要把分解成阳离子和阴离子。

Now I've got a theoretical salt with cations and anions and I'm simply going to lower the Ksp value.

现在我得到了一种含有阳离子和阴离子的理论盐，我只需降低 Ksp 值。

But the names of these ions change somewhat depending on whether they are cations or anions.

但是这些离子的名称会根据们是阳离子还是阴离子而有所不同。

Now, when we name ionic compounds, we just say the cation first, and the anion second.

现在，当我们命名离子合物时， 我们只是先说阳离子， 然后再说阴离子。

If I were to add 200 of the cations to this we're going to see a different kind of an effect.

如果我向其中添加 200 种阳离子，我们将看到不同的效果。

They all form ions readily when they react with non-metals, and when they do, they always lose electrons, forming cations.

当们与非金属反应时， 们都很容易形成离子，当们发生反应时， 们总是失去电子， 形成阳离子。

Iron, for example, in the middle there, forms cations, but they can have a charge of either two or three.

例如，铁在中间形成阳离子， 但们可以两个或三个电荷。

Ions that have lost electrons, and therefore take on a positive charge, are cations. Whereas ones that gain electrons to become negative are anions.

失去电子并此正电荷的离子是阳离子。而那些获得电子变成负离子的是阴离子。

Well the purple sodium cation is going to stay the same, but now since we've increased the size of that atom, we've decreased this lattice energy.

紫色钠离子将保持不变, 但是由于我们增加了原子的大小, 我们减少了晶格能量。