vascular plant

The carpel is homologous with the megasporophylls of certain spore-bearing vascular plants (pteridophytes) and the ovuliferous scales of gymnosperms.

和能产生孢子维管植物（羊齿类）还有具胚珠裸子植物大孢子叶是同源。

Ferns were the first terricolous vascular plants, and still comprise an important part of primary productivity of ecosystems.

蕨类植物是最早登陆维管植物，至今仍然是生态系统初级生产力重要组。

Tapetum (pl. tapeta) A food-rich layer surrounding the spore mother cells in the anthers of vascular plants.

维管植物花粉囊内包围孢子母细胞富含营养物质一层结构。